Contamination of Bathing Waters with Trihalomethanes in Slovenia

  • Darko - Drev Institute for Water of the Republic of Slovenia, Hajdrihova 28c, 1000 Ljubljana
  • Aleksandra Krivograd Klemenčič Institute for Water of the Republic of Slovenia, Hajdrihova 28c, 1000 Ljubljana University of Ljubljana Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, Jamova 2, 1000 Ljubljana
  • Janez Škarja National Laboratory of Health, Environment and Food, Prvomajska ulica 1, 2000 Maribor
  • Jože Panjan University of Ljubljana Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, Jamova 2, 1000 Ljubljana
Keywords: disinfection, bathing waters, carcinogenicity, chlorination by-products, trihalomethanes, public swimming pools

Abstract

THM and AOX compounds form as by-products of disinfection with the use of chlorine. THM compounds can pose problems for pool water, while AOX compounds can be problematic for waste water. Today's state of the art technology allows for proper removal of THM and AOX compounds from water. In addition, new disinfection technologies are currently being developed that will significantly reduce the use of chlorine and thus the formation of THM and AOX compounds.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Pravilnik o minimalnih higienskih in drugih zahtevah za kopalne vode. Ur l 73/2003. Ur l 96/2006. Ur l 39/2011. Ur l 64/2011.

Hrudey S E. Chlorination disinfection by-products, public health risk tradeoffs and me. Water Research. 2009; 43: 2057-92.

World Health Organization. Guidelines for safe recreational water environments, Vol 2, Swimming pools and similar environments. WHP Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data; 2006.

Pleschl S. Zum Vorkommen von Legionellen in wasserführenden, technischen Systemen und der Praxisbedingungen [Diessertation]. Bonn: Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität; 2004.

Zakon o varstvu pred utopitvami. Ur l 44/2000. Ur l 110/2002. Ur l 26/2007. Ur l 42/2007.

Pretsch E, Bühlmann P, Badertscher M. Structure Determination of Organic Compounds. Fourth, Revised and Enlarged Edition. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag; 2009.

Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency. Public Health Goal for Trihalomethanes in Drinking Water; 2010.

Hansen K M, Willach S, Mosbæk H, Andersen HR. Particles in swimming pool filters – Does pH , determine the DBP formation? Chemosphere. 2012; 87(3): 241-7.

Dyck R, Sadiq R, Rodriguez M J, Simard S, Tardif R. Trihalomethane exposures in indoor swimming pools: A level III. Fugacity model. Water Research. 2011; 45: 5084-98.

Catto C, Charest-Tardif G, Rodriguez M, Tardif R. Assessing Exposure to Chloroform in Swimming Pools Using Physiologically Based Toxicokinetic Modeling. Environment and Pollution. 2012; 1(2): 132-47.

Brown D. The Management of Trihalometanes in Water Supply Systems [Dissertation]. University of Birmingham; 2009.

Published
2015-10-19
How to Cite
1.
Drev D, Krivograd Klemenčič A, Škarja J, Panjan J. Contamination of Bathing Waters with Trihalomethanes in Slovenia. TEST ZdravVestn [Internet]. 19Oct.2015 [cited 5May2024];84(10). Available from: http://vestnik-dev.szd.si/index.php/ZdravVest/article/view/1331
Section
Original article