Complications associated with breech deliveries
Abstract
Background: Breech is the commonest unusual presentation at the delivery and scores to 3–5 % of all malpresentations. Fetal bottocks and legs are the leading parts at breech delivery. Unfavorable birth mechanics leads to many possible complications and birth trauma. Many factors contributes to breech presentation such as multiparity, uterine abnormalities, previous breech delivery, pelvic tumors and others.
Conclusions: Birth trauma is a consequence of mechanical forces and hypoxia during the passage through the birth chanell. Fetal factors and delivery technique are also important contributors to neonatal morbidity and mortality. Cord prolaps is the most severe complication and leads to tissue hypoxia. Compression, traction and tension forces acting on the fetus often cause soft parts trauma. Clinical signs of birth trauma are often misleading and unsignificant. Treatment should be multidisciplinary.
Downloads
References
Klaus MH, Faaroff AA, eds. Care of the high risk neonate. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 2001.
Taeusch HW, Ballard RA, Avery ME, eds. Schaffer and Avery’s Diseases of the newborn. 6th Ed. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders; 1991.
Andrew J. Pregnancy, Breech delivery. Emedicine 2003 Aug. Dosegljivo na URL: http://www.emedicine.com/emerg/topic 868.htm.
Premru-Sršen T, Verdenik I. Epidemiologija medenične vstave v Sloveniji. In: Novak-Antolič Ž, ed. VII. Novakovi dnevi: Medenična vstava in večplodna nosečnost. Ljubljana: Združenje za perinatalno medicino, Slovensko zdravniško društvo 2006: 12–21.
Laroia N. Birth trauma. Emedicine 2005 Nov. Dosegljivo na URL: http://www.emedicine.com/ped/topic2863.htm.
Cunningham FG, MacDonald PC, Gant NF. Dystocia due to abnormalities in presentation, position, or development of the fetus (Chapter 20). In: Williams Obstetrics, 19th ed. 1993. p. 493– 501.
Erkkola R. Controversies: selective vaginal delivery for breech presentation. J Perinat Med 1996; 24: 553–61.
Goffinet F, Carayol M, Foidart JM, Alexander S, Uzan S, Subtil D, Breart G. PREMODA Study Group. Is planned vaginal delivery for breech presentation at term still an option? Results of an observational prospective survey in France and Belgium. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2006; 194: 1002–11.
Roberts JR, Hedges JR. Emergency Childbirth (Chapter 75). Clinical procedures in emergency medicine. 3rd Edition. 1997; 1000– 3.
Scorza WE. Intrapartum management of breech presentation. Clin Perinatol 1996; 23: 31–49.
Chadwick LM, Pemberton PJ, Kurinczuk JJ. Neonatal subgaleal haematoma: associated risk factors, complications and outcome. J Paediatr Child Health 1996; 32: 228–32.
Haerle M, Gilbert A. Management of complete obstetric brachial plexus lesions. J Pediatr Orthop 2004; 24: 194–200.
Jennett RJ, Tarby TJ, Kreinick CJ. Brachial plexus palsy: an old problem revisited. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992; 166: 1673–6; discussion 1676–7.
Medlock MD, Hanigan WC. Neurologic birth trauma. Intracranial, spinal cord, and brachial plexus injury. Clin Perinatol 1997; 24: 845–57.
Gilbert WM, Tchabo JG. Fractured clavicle in newborns. Int Surg 1988; 73: 123–5.
Salonen IS. Birth fractures of long bones. Ann Chir Gynaecol 1991; 80: 71–3.
Schullinger JN. Birth trauma. Pediatr Clin North Am 1993; 40: 1351–8.
The Author transfers to the Publisher (Zdravniški vestnik/Slovenian Medical Journal) all economic copyrights following form Article 22 of the Slovene Copyright and Related Rights Act (ZASP), including the right of reproduction, the right of distribution, the rental right, the right of public performance, the right of public transmission, the right of public communication by means of phonograms and videograms, the right of public presentation, the right of broadcasting, the right of rebroadcasting, the right of secondary broadcasting, the right of communication to the public, the right of transformation, the right of audiovisual adaptation and all other rights of the author according to ZASP.
The aforementioned rights are transferred non-exclusively, for an unlimited number of editions, for the term of the statutory
The Author can make use of his work himself or transfer subjective rights to others only after 3 months from date of first publishing in the journal Zdravniški vestnik/Slovenian Medical Journal.
The Publisher (Zdravniški vestnik/Slovenian Medical Journal) has the right to transfer the rights, acquired parties without explicit consent of the Author.
The Author consents that the Article be published under the Creative Commons BY-NC 4.0 (attribution-non-commercial) or comparable licence.
