Predictive toxicogenomics for cancer risk assessment
Abstract
Abstract: Every organism, and therefore also humans, is the product of its genes in combination with its environment. The activity of genes is strictly regulated and is continuously liable to changes. The response of an organism to changes in its environment, such as the exposure to a toxic substance, leads to altered gene expressions. Analysing modified gene expression profiles as a result of exposure to chemical substances, can therefore aid to determine the hazardous properties of those substances, such as on carcinogenic capacity. This toxicogenomics approach also provides the possibility to drastically reduce the traditional animal tests.
Downloads
References
Labruzzo P, Yu XF, Dufresne MJ. Induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase and demonstration of a specific nuclear receptor for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in two human hepatoma cell lines. Biochem Pharmacol 1989; 38: 2339–48.
Boverhof DR, Burgoon LD, Tashiro C, Sharratt B, Chittim B, Harkema JR, et al. Comparative toxicogenomic analysis of the hepatotoxic effects of TCDD in Sprague Dawley rats and C57BL/ 6 mice. Toxicol Sci 2006; 94: 398–416.
Schena M, Shalon D, Heller R, Chai A, Brown PO, Davis RW. Parallel human genome analysis: microarray-based expression monitoring of 1000 genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996; 93: 10614–9.
Holloway AJ, van Laar RK, Tothill RW, Bowtell DD. Options available—from start to finish—for obtaining data from DNA microarrays II. Nat Genet 2002; 32 Suppl: 481–9.
Nuwaysir EF, Bittner M, Trent J, Barrett JC, Afshari CA. Microarrays and toxicology: the advent of toxicogenomics. Mol Carcinog 1999; 24: 153–9.
Hamadeh HK, Amin RP, Paules RS, Afshari CA. An overview of toxicogenomics. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2002; 4: 45–56.
Waters MD, Fostel JM. Toxicogenomics and systems toxicology: aims and prospects. Nat Rev Genet 2004; 5: 936–48.
Pennie WD, Woodyatt NJ, Aldridge TC, Orphanides G. Application of genomics to the definition of the molecular basis for toxicity. Toxicol Lett 2001; 120: 353–8.
Corvi R, Ahr HJ, Albertini S, Blakey DH, Clerici L, Coecke S, et al. Meeting Report: Validation of Toxicogenomics-Based Test Systems: ECVAM-ICCVAM/NICEATM Considerations for Regulatory Use. Environ-Health-Perspect 2006; 114: 420–9.
Thybaud V, Aardema M, Clements J, Dearfield K, Galloway S, Hayashi M, et al. Strategy for genotoxicity testing: hazard identification and risk assessment in relation to in vitro testing. Mutat Res 2007; 627: 41–58.
Luch A. Nature and nurture – lessons from chemical carcinogenesis. Nat Rev Cancer 2005; 5: 113–25.
Martin R, Rose D, Yu K, Barros S. Toxicogenomics strategies for predicting drug toxicity. Pharmacogenomics 2006; 7: 1003–16.
Pognan F. Toxicogenomics applied to predictive and exploratory toxicology for the safety assessment of new chemical entities: a long road with deep potholes. Prog Drug Res 2007;64: 217, 9–38.
van Delft JH, van Agen E, van Breda SG, Herwijnen MH, Staal YC, Kleinjans JC. Comparison of supervised clustering methods to discriminate genotoxic from non-genotoxic carcinogens by gene expression profiling. Mutat Res 2005; 575: 17–33.
Fielden MR, Kolaja KL. The state-of-the-art in predictive toxicogenomics. Curr Opin Drug Discov Devel 2006; 9: 84–91.
The Author transfers to the Publisher (Zdravniški vestnik/Slovenian Medical Journal) all economic copyrights following form Article 22 of the Slovene Copyright and Related Rights Act (ZASP), including the right of reproduction, the right of distribution, the rental right, the right of public performance, the right of public transmission, the right of public communication by means of phonograms and videograms, the right of public presentation, the right of broadcasting, the right of rebroadcasting, the right of secondary broadcasting, the right of communication to the public, the right of transformation, the right of audiovisual adaptation and all other rights of the author according to ZASP.
The aforementioned rights are transferred non-exclusively, for an unlimited number of editions, for the term of the statutory
The Author can make use of his work himself or transfer subjective rights to others only after 3 months from date of first publishing in the journal Zdravniški vestnik/Slovenian Medical Journal.
The Publisher (Zdravniški vestnik/Slovenian Medical Journal) has the right to transfer the rights, acquired parties without explicit consent of the Author.
The Author consents that the Article be published under the Creative Commons BY-NC 4.0 (attribution-non-commercial) or comparable licence.