Contrast-induced nephropathy and biomarkers

Abstract

Technological advances in diagnostic medical imaging techniques have contributed to an everincreasing number of individuals being exposed to iodinated contrast media. Despite its relatively good safety recommendations, some patients develop acute renal injury after administration of these contrast media. This phenomenon is called contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) and is a common and potentially serious complication that normally occurs in patients with higher risk for development of acute kidney injury. Recently, many investigators have been intensively examining possible biomarker molecules for early diagnosis of this disease. Nowadays, the biomarker molecule that is becoming most promising is a protein called Nevtrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin (NGAL), whose concentration increases very quickly in both urine and plasma after structural renal injury and even before functional renal failure. This would permit timely and adequate adjustment of interventions for the prevention of CIN: hydration and forced diuresis.